Dogs read subtleties like dilated pupils, tense posture, freezing and increased heart rate that communicate fear.

When afraid, human body chemistry changes in ways dogs can smell. Adrenaline and cortisol increase.

Some dogs become fearful themselves. Others see it as weakness and feel emboldened to use aggression. 

Dogs mirror energy around them. Use slow movements, relaxed body language and deep breaths when uneasy. 

Staring can seem challenging. Look at a dog briefly, then avoid direct eye contact if feeling intimidated.

With patience, let fearful dogs sniff you before attempting touch, allowing them time to recognize you're not a threat.

The dog's owner knows them best. Ask for guidance interacting if a dog is causing unease or fear.